Fulfillment of Female Inmates' Right to Health Services from a Human Rights Perspective at Karawang Class IIA Correctional Institution

Health services based on individual needs apply to female inmates. Female inmates differ from male inmates because they have distinctive characteristics that male inmates do not share, such as the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding. Women's needs are therefore more specific, particularly with regard to health services and the realization of their right to health. This study aims to examine the fulfillment of inmates' right to health services and the factors that have prevented the optimal fulfillment of female inmates' right to health services from a human rights perspective. The study uses an empirical juridical method with socio-legal data analysis. The findings confirm that the right to health services for inmates at Karawang Class IIA Correctional Institution has been implemented through promotive, preventive, curative, and rehabilitative approaches as a form of state responsibility in guaranteeing the right to health as part of human rights. Nevertheless, the implementation of these health services is not yet fully optimal because it is still constrained by limited facilities and health personnel, inadequate availability of medicines and medical devices, overcapacity, and a living environment that may increase the risk of health problems. These conditions show that the fulfillment of the right to health cannot be measured merely by the existence of service programs, but also by the capacity of the correctional system to provide services that are effective, of good quality, continuous, and accessible to all inmates without discrimination. For female inmates in particular, services grounded in substantive equality and gender responsiveness need to be strengthened, especially in meeting reproductive health needs, which have distinct biological characteristics and special requirements.

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