AGAMA SEBAGAI ALIENASI Analisis Kritis Atas Pemikiran Karl Marx dalam Perspektif Studi Agama
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61942/msj.v4i1.510Keywords:
Karl Marx, religion, alienation, ideology, religious studiesAbstract
This article discusses the concept of religion as a form of alienation in Karl Marx’s thought and its relevance to contemporary religious studies. For Marx, religion is not merely a spiritual system but a social phenomenon reflecting economic and political conditions. Religion functions as the “opium of the people,” an ideological instrument that pacifies human suffering under social injustice. This study examines Marx’s theory of alienation and compares it with the ideas of Ludwig Feuerbach, Émile Durkheim, and Max Weber. The analysis shows that although Marx’s theory appears reductionist for viewing religion only through material conditions, it remains vital in understanding the relationship between faith, ideology, and social structures in religious studies.
Downloads
References
Althusser, L. (1971). Ideology and ideological state apparatuses. London: New Left Books.
Bellah, R. N. (1970). Beyond belief: Essays on religion in a post-traditional world. New York: Harper & Row.
Berger, P. L. (1967). The sacred canopy: Elements of a sociological theory of religion. New York: Anchor Books.
Copleston, F. (1994). A history of philosophy: Volume VII – Fichte to Nietzsche. New York: Image Books.
Durkheim, É. (1995). The elementary forms of religious life. New York: Free Press.
Durkheim, É. (1997). The division of labor in society. New York: Free Press.
Eagleton, T. (1976). Marxism and literary criticism. London: Methuen.
Eagleton, T. (1991). Ideology: An introduction. London: Verso.
Eagleton, T. (2009). Reason, faith, and revolution: Reflections on the God debate. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Feuerbach, L. (1957). The essence of Christianity. New York: Harper & Row.
Fromm, E. (1961). Marx’s concept of man. New York: Continuum.
Giddens, A. (1971). Capitalism and modern social theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hamilton, M. (2001). The sociology of religion. London: Routledge.
Harvey, V. A. (1995). Feuerbach and the interpretation of religion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hobsbawm, E. (1962). The age of revolution: 1789–1848. New York: Vintage Books.
Kuntowijoyo. (2006). Islam sebagai ilmu. Yogyakarta: Tiara Wacana.
Marx, K. (1975). Economic and philosophic manuscripts of 1844. Moscow: Progress Publishers.
Marx, K. (1977). Capital: A critique of political economy (Vol. 1). London: Penguin Books.
Marx, K. (1978). Contribution to the critique of Hegel’s philosophy of right. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Marx, K. (1976). Theses on Feuerbach. Moscow: Progress Publishers.
Marx, K. (1971). The difference between the Democritean and Epicurean philosophy of nature. Moscow: Progress Publishers.
Marx, K., & Engels, F. (1970). The German ideology. Moscow: Progress Publishers.
McLellan, D. (1973). Karl Marx: His life and thought. London: Macmillan Press.
McLellan, D. (1979). The thought of Karl Marx: An introduction. London: Macmillan Press.
Turner, B. S. (2011). Religion and social theory (2nd ed.). London: Sage Publications.
Weber, M. (1946). From Max Weber: Essays in sociology. New York: Oxford University Press.
Weber, M. (2001). The Protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism. London: Routledge.
Weber, M. (1963). The sociology of religion. Boston: Beacon Press.
Weber, M. (1951). The religion of China: Confucianism and Taoism. New York: Free Press.
Wheen, F. (1999). Karl Marx: A life. London: Fourth Estate.
Wolff, J. (2002). Why read Marx today? Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Ai Siti Nurmiati, Chaima Hammami, Doddy S. Truna, Rifki Rosyad
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
